Archive for the 'diseases' Category

Prion Disease (Kuru Disease, Jakob Disease, and Mad Cow Disease)

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Mad Cow Disease

More @ MedFlux.com This animation depicts a current theory on prion proteins and how Mad Cow Disease affects the neurons in a cow’s brain.
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Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn, Animation

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(USMLE topics) Pathophysiology of HDN, Signs and Symptoms, Prevention and Treatment options.
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All images/videos by Alila Medical Media are for information purposes ONLY and are NOT intended to replace professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.
Hemolytic disease of the newborn, HDN, is a condition in which red blood cells of a newborn infant, or a perinatal fetus, are destroyed prematurely, resulting in anemia. HDN occurs when the blood types of the mother and baby are incompatible. A blood type refers to the presence or absence of a certain antigen, on the surface of a person’s red blood cells. Incompatibility happens when the baby has an antigen that the mother does not have. The mother’s immune system interprets the antigen as ā€œforeignā€ and produces antibodies to target the cells carrying it for destruction.
While in principle HDN may occur with mismatch in any blood group, severe cases most commonly involve D-antigen of the Rh system. Specifically, HDN may develop if an Rh-negative mother, having no D-antigen, carries an Rh-positive fetus, with D-antigen. The first mismatch pregnancy, however, is usually not at risk. This is because the placenta normally does a good job separating the mother’s blood from the fetal blood, preventing the fetal red blood cells from being exposed to the mother’s immune system. However, at birth, or if a miscarriage or abortion occurs, the tearing of the placenta exposes fetal blood to the mother, who then responds by producing anti-D antibodies. Because antibody production takes some time, it does not affect the first baby; but if the mother is again pregnant with another Rh-positive fetus, her antibodies, being small enough to cross the placenta, can now cause hemolysis.
The first mismatch pregnancy may be at risk if the mother has previously been exposed to the antigen in other ways, such as through blood transfusion or sharing needles, or if the placental barrier is breached because of trauma, or medical procedures early in the pregnancy.
Anemia can cause heart failure, respiratory distress, and edema. Infants born with HDN also develop jaundice due to the accumulation of bilirubin, a yellow product of hemoglobin breakdown. Because red blood cells are destroyed rapidly and infants are unable to excrete bilirubin effectively, its levels rise quickly within 24h of birth. Bilirubin is toxic for brain tissues and may cause irreversible brain damage in a condition known as kernicterus. Other signs of HDN include enlarged liver, spleen, and presence of immature red blood cells, erythroblasts, in the blood. Some of these signs can be detected before birth, with ultrasound imaging.
HDN that involves D-antigen can now be effectively prevented with anti-D antibody. It is given to Rh-negative mothers during and soon after the first mismatch pregnancy. The antibody binds to fetal blood cells that leak into the mother’s blood, either destroying them, or hiding them from the mother’s immune system, thus preempting the mother’s immune response.
Infants born with HDN are usually treated with intravenous fluid, and phototherapy, a procedure in which a certain spectrum of light is used to convert bilirubin to a form that is easier for the infant to excrete.
Severe anemia may be treated with:
– blood transfusion,
– intravenous immunoglobulin G therapy, which works by blocking the destruction of antibody-coated red blood cells.
– and exchange transfusion, where the baby’s blood is essentially replaced with Rh-negative donor blood. This procedure is very effective at removing bilirubin and reducing the destructive effect of the mother’s antibody, but may have adverse effects.

Wilson's disease – causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment & pathology

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What is Wilson’s disease (Wilson disease)? You usually take in more copper than your body needs every day, and any excess is excreted. Find more videos at http://osms.it/more.

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There is much interest in the role of nutrients and micronutrients in the support of host defense against infections. However, there is controversy in the ability of supplements to help prevent or treat infections. Speakers will discuss research on the role of vitamin D supplements to prevent and/or treat recurrent ear infections in children and even the common cold.

Susanna Esposito, Univ. degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
David R. Murdoch, Univ. of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand

Ebola Virus Disease, Causes, Signs and Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment.

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Ebola virus disease (EVD), also known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF) or simply Ebola, is a viral hemorrhagic fever of humans and other primates caused by ebolaviruses.Signs and symptoms typically start between two days and three weeks after contracting the virus with a fever, sore throat, muscular pain, and headaches. Vomiting, diarrhea and rash usually follow, along with decreased function of the liver and kidneys. At this time, some people begin to bleed both internally and externally.The disease has a high risk of death, killing 25% to 90% of those infected, with an average of about 50%. This is often due to low blood pressure from fluid loss, and typically follows 6 to 16 days after symptoms appear.

The virus spreads through direct contact with body fluids, such as blood from infected humans or other animals. Spread may also occur from contact with items recently contaminated with bodily fluids.Spread of the disease through the air between primates, including humans, has not been documented in either laboratory or natural conditions. Semen or breast milk of a person after recovery from EVD may carry the virus for several weeks to months.Fruit bats are believed to be the normal carrier in nature, able to spread the virus without being affected by it.Other diseases such as malaria, cholera, typhoid fever, meningitis and other viral hemorrhagic fevers may resemble EVD. Blood samples are tested for viral RNA, viral antibodies or for the virus itself to confirm the diagnosis.
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In March 2014, the Ministry of Health of Guinea notified the World Health Organization of an Ebola virus disease outbreak in the south-eastern part of the country. This video was produced in April 2014. The virus rapidly spread to the capital, Conakry, as well as to neighbouring countries, such as Liberia. This is the first Ebola outbreak in West Africa. WHO, along with partners in the Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network (GOARN) and other international organizations, responded to requests from countries and deployed doctors and nurses, laboratory technicians, epidemiologists, logisticians, and other support staff to Conakry and other affected locations.
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HOW TO TREAT DOG RASHES? | CHOW CHOW DOG

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HOW TO TREAT DOG RASHES? | CHOW CHOW DOG

My Bella Chow has rashes on her skin so I searched for a home remedy to cure the itchiness. I hope this would help you!

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The Ebola Virus Explained — How Your Body Fights For Survival

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What does the Ebola virus actually do in your body? Why is it so dangerous and why does it kill so many people? We take a look at the apocalyptic war that rages in the body after an infection by the Ebola virus and the soldiers fighting.

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The Ebola Virus Explained — How Your Body Fights For Survival

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Chronic kidney disease – causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

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Chronic kidney disease - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

What is chronic kidney disease (CKD)? Chronic kidney disease is described as any loss of kidney functioning that develops beyond a 3 month period.
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Medical disclaimer: Knowledge Diffusion Inc (DBA Osmosis) does not provide medical advice. Osmosis and the content available on Osmosis’s properties (Osmosis.org, YouTube, and other channels) do not provide a diagnosis or other recommendation for treatment and are not a substitute for the professional judgment of a healthcare professional in diagnosis and treatment of any person or animal. The determination of the need for medical services and the types of healthcare to be provided to a patient are decisions that should be made only by a physician or other licensed health care provider. Always seek the advice of a physician or other qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have regarding a medical condition.

Kidney (Renal) Disease Signs & Symptoms (ex. Peripheral Edema, Fatigue, Itchiness)

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Lesson on the Clinical Signs & Symptoms of Kidney (Renal) Disease, including nephrotic syndrome, chronic kidney disease, etc. The kidney has many functions critical for maintaining health and well-being, including electrolyte balance, production of red blood cells, and excretion of toxic waste products. If the kidney is impaired, many signs and symptoms can occur. In this lesson, you will learn a list of clinical signs and symptoms of kidney (renal) disease, and you will also learn why these signs and symptoms occur and the pathogenesis surrounding these clinical issues.

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**MEDICAL DISCLAIMER**: JJ Medicine does not provide medical advice, and the information available on this channel does not offer a diagnosis or advice regarding treatment. Information presented in these lessons is for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY, and information presented here is NOT TO BE USED as an alternative to a healthcare professional’s diagnosis and treatment of any person/animal.

Only a physician or other licensed healthcare professional are able to determine the requirement for medical assistance to be given to a patient. Please seek the advice of your physician or other licensed healthcare provider if you have any questions regarding a medical condition.

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Check out some of my other lessons.

Medical Terminology – The Basics – Lesson 1:

Infectious Disease Playlist

Dermatology Playlist

Pharmacology Playlist

Hematology Playlist

Rheumatology Playlist

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*Although I try my best to present accurate information, there may be mistakes in this video. If you do see any mistakes with information in this lesson, please comment and let me know.*
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Black Skin Disease | Pomeranian Problems

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Hello and welcome. I am so excited to not only educate people but to show everyone what it takes to be a dog groomer!

In today’s episode, I am going to be taking you through a basic bath and tidy with Jelly the Pomeranian who has Alopecia X / Black Skin Disease. I give you tons of info on Pomeranians and Alopecia X in this video. If you are going to be a potential pet parent whether it is to a pomeranian or any other breed, check this video out!

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Black Skin Disease. Skin Disease in Dogs. Dr Pallabi Vet

In this video I will explain what Black Skin Disease in Dogs means. You must not have known it by it’s name but came across its symptoms like black spots on belly, inner thighs and lotta hair fall in dogs. It’s common but many vets finds is tough to detect. It happens due to an Yeast infection in the skin. Find out more about it and see how this condition could be treated with a good anti fungal shampoo for dogs. Your choice of shampoo will be decisive factor in healing of back skin disease.

Mad Cow Disease Found in California

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USDA confirms new case in the United States.

For more, click here:
http://abcnews.go.com/Health/mad-cow-disease-confirmed-us-cow/story?id=16206200

Lebanon man diagnosed with human form of Mad Cow Disease

A Lebanon man was diagnosed with a rare brain disorder
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Understanding Wilson's Disease

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This video contains a detailed and simplified explanation about Wilson’s disease. We discuss cause of Wilson’s disease, the pathophysiology, presentation, investigations and management.

*CORRECTION* The motor symptoms in Wilsons disease are often ASYMMETRICAL. The video states the motor symptoms are typically symmetrical, which is inaccurate.

*CORRECTION* A LOW serum caeruloplasmin is indicative of Wilsons (not a raised level).

More written notes and diagrams about Wilson’s Disease are available on the website at www.zerotofinals.com/wilsons.

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